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Saturday, July 21, 2012

What is Plasticity?

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What is plasticity?

From Dictionary.com:

plas-tic-i-ty [pla-stis-i-tee]

“2. the capability of being molded, receiving shape, or being made to assume a desired form: the plasticity of social institutions; the great plasticity of clay.
Example Sentences:
  • Normally that plasticity peaks in the first several months of life, but at different times for different skills.
  • Scientists are searching for ways to both boost and focus this innate plasticity, thus improving neural repair.
  • The plasticity of the brain provides life-course opportunities for resilience and enhanced mental health.
  • The story of reading’s development is a complex tale of equal parts human invention and neural plasticity.

Origin: 1775-85; plastic + -ity

Plastic [plas-tik]

Noun

 Often, plastics, any of a group of synthetic or natural organic materials that may be shaped when soft and then hardened, including many types of resins, resinoids, polymers, cellulose derivatives, casein materials, and proteins: used in place of other materials, as glass, wood, and metals, in construction and decoration, for making many articles, as coatings, and, drawn into filaments, for weaving. They are often known by trademark names, as Bakelite, Vinylite, or Lucite.

  
Adjective

 capable of being molded or of receiving form: clay and other plastic substances.

 having the power of molding or shaping formless or yielding material: the plastic forces of nature.

 being able to create, especially within an art form; having the power to give form or formal expression: the
plastic imagination of great poets and composers.

Origin: 1625-35; 1900-10 for def. 1; < Latin plasticus that may be molded < Greek plastikos. See –plast, -ic


Related forms

 Adverbs: Plastically, plasticly.
 Noun and Adjective: nonplastic
 Adjective: unplastic

Synonyms: pliant, flexible, amenable”

Plastikos

From WordAZ
“the word plastic is derived from the greek πλαστικός (plastikos) meaning capable of being shaped or molded, from πλαστός (plastos)”

Plastika (Wiktionary.org / Plastika)

From Latin plasticus (“of molding”), from Ancient Greek πλαστικός (plastikos) (this entry does not exist), from πλάσσω (plassō, “I mold, form”).

Ancient Greek

  

πλάσσω (plassō, “I mold, form”).

Alternative Forms: πλάττω (plattō) (Attic Greek)

From Wiktionary.org, “Attic Greek is the prestige dialect of Ancient Greek that was spoken in Attica, which includes Athens. Of the ancient dialects, it is the most similar to later Greek, and is the standard form of the language studied in courses of "Ancient Greek". It is sometimes included in Ionic.”

Etymology: Uncertain. Seems to come from * πλάθιω.

Pronunciation:

Ancient Greek phonology is the study of the phonology, or pronunciation, of Ancient Greek. Because of the passage of time, the original pronunciation of Ancient Greek, like that of all ancient languages, can never be known with absolute certainty. Linguistic reconstructions have been widely debated in the past; however, a good approximation can be established and there is now a consensus in scholarship.

(5th BC Attic): IPA: /plás̚sɔ͜ɔ/

πλάσσω (plassō) future: πλάσω aorist: ἔπλασα perfect: πέπλακα aorist passive: ἐπλάσθην
 1. I form, mould, shape, sculpt
 2. I fabricate, forge
 3. I plaster
 4. I form in the mind, imagine
 5. I re-form, put in a different manner

Brain Games - Lumosity

Why does Lumosity work?

 Brain Games - Lumosity


Why does Lumosity work?  I wondered that myself.  It's just a bunch of kids games.

Lu-mos-i-fy [v] to sharpen your memory, focus your attention, and brighten your future

Lost in Migration is a game that I have a BPI of 1600+ out of a maximum of 1700.  Anything over a BPI of 1500 is in the top 99%.

"Lost in Migration.  Get distracted too easily?  Then this is the game for you!  Focus on the center bird without letting the other birds distract you. 


Exercising: Focus  Improving: Avoiding distraction, Increasing work productivity, Concentration, Read More"

 

Lost in Migration exercises your Focus.
Lumosity.com has the following definition:
Focus
Focus entails being able to pay attention to pertinent information while ignoring irrelevant distractions. This skill comes into play while doing something like reading or studying in a busy café. The ability to stay focused also plays a pivotal role in other cognitive functions such as memory and reasoning.
Used for:
  • Avoiding distraction
  • Increasing work productivity
  • Concentration
 A more abstract use is spotting lies and inconsistencies in stories.
Focus sounds great, but according to who? 

There are two references at the bottom of the page.  The first reference:

Bherer, L., Kramer, A. F., Peterson, M. S., Colcombe, S., Erickson, K., & Becic, E. (2006). Testing the limits of cognitive plasticity in older adults: application to attentional control. Acta Psychologica, 123(3), 261-78.


The title:

"Testing the limits of cognitive plasticity in older adults: application to attentional control.

Abstract

Laboratory based training studies suggest that older adults can benefit from training in tasks that tap control aspects of attention. This was further explored in the present study in which older and younger adults completed an adaptive and individualized dual-task training program. The testing-the-limits approach was used [Lindenberger, U., & Baltes, P. B. (1995). Testing-the-limits and experimental simulation: Two methods to explicate the role of learning in development. Human Development, 38, 349-360.] in order to gain insight into how attentional control can be improved in older adults. Results indicated substantial improvement in overlapping task performance in both younger and older participants suggesting the availability of cognitive plasticity in both age groups. Improvement was equivalent among age groups in response speed and performance variability but larger in response accuracy for older adults. The results suggest that time-sharing skills can be substantially improved in older adults."

 The last sentence says, "The results suggest that time-sharing skills can be substantially improved in older adults."  Although younger and older adults appear to benefit equally in "response speed."

Lumosity has a free one month trial and if you decide not to continue, you can still play a half dozen games for free.  If you don't want to pay after the first month, you need to remember to cancel yourself.  Similar to being in college.

Have a good day! ~ Kus

Brain Games - Lumosity